Демонстрации как форма неинституционализированного политического участия: связь с доверием к институтам и рисками политического режима (по данным европейского социального исследования, 2020–2022 гг.)
Научная статья
Выражение признательности
Исследование реализовано при поддержке факультета социальных наук, Национальный исследовательский университет «Высшая школа экономики».
Для цитирования
Гусева П. Д. Демонстрации как форма неинституционализированного политического участия: связь с доверием к институтам и рисками политического режима (по данным европейского социального исследования, 2020–2022 гг.) // Социологический журнал. 2024. Том 30. № 4. С. 54-78. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2024.30.4.3 EDN: KEKQZB
Аннотация
В последнее время отмечается снижение участия граждан в голосовании на выборах и членства в партиях — институционализированных и глубоко укорененных в политической системе форм политической активности. Альтернативой им становятся такие формы, как участие в демонстрациях, забастовках, бойкотах и подписании петиций, которые, являясь менее институционализированными, позволяют гражданам влиять на политические решения, сохраняя дистанцированность от политической системы. Доверие к политическим институтам считается необходимым для участия в политической жизни, поскольку оно создает позитивное отношение к политической системе и предотвращает отчуждение от политики в ее институционализированных формах. Однако политическое недоверие способствует критическому восприятию политических элит, что может привести к расширению неинституционализированного политического участия. В то же время исследователи отмечают влияние на политическое участие не только переменных индивидуального уровня, но и особенностей странового уровня — характеристик политической системы, в рамках которой реализуется политическое участие. Цель данной статьи — выяснить, является ли отсутствие доверия к политическим институтам предпосылкой или препятствием для участия в политике и как характеристики политического режима страны связаны с политическим участием граждан, на примере участия в демонстрациях. Результаты анализа данных Европейского социального исследования и V-Dem показывают, что участие в общественных демонстрациях негативно связано с доверием к политическим институтам. Кроме того, обнаружена связь двух характеристик политического режима с участием в демонстрациях — в странах с большей доступностью правосудия и более высоким уровнем физического насилия граждане более склонны к исследуемой форме политической активности.
Ключевые слова:
политическое доверие/недоверие, формы политического участия, институционализированное политическое участие, неинституционализированное политическое участие, Европейское социальное исследование, V-Dem, многоуровневый регрессионный анализ
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23. Gaidyte T., Muis J. Examining Political Participation in Lithuania: The Direct and Mediated Effects of Social Trust. Baltic Journal of Political Science. 2019. Vol. 2019. No. 9–10. P. 41–71. DOI: 10.15388/BJPS.2019.9-10.8
24. Hooghe M., Marien S. A Comparative Analysis of the Relation between Political Trust and Forms of Political Participation in Europe. European Societies. 2013. Vol. 15. No. 1. P. 131–152. DOI: 10.1080/14616696.2012.692807
25. Hooghe M., Quintelier E. Political Participation in European Countries: The Effect of Authoritarian Rule, Corruption, Lack of Good Governance and Economic Downturn. Comparative European Politics. 2014. No. 12. P. 209–232. DOI: 10.1057/cep.2013.3
26. Inglehart R. Modernization and Postmodernization: Cultural, Economic, and Political Change in 43 Societies. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997. 453 p.
27. Kaase M. Interpersonal Trust, Political Trust and Non‐Institutionalised Political Participation in Western Europe. West European Politics. 1999. Vol. 22. No. 3. P. 1–21. DOI: 10.1080/01402389908425313
28. Karp J.A., Banducci, S.A. When Politics Is Not Just a Man’s Game: Women’s Representation and Political Engagement. Electoral Studies. 2008. Vol. 27. No. 1. P. 105–115. DOI: 10.1016/j.electstud.2007.11.009
29. Kitanova M. Youth Political Participation in the EU: Evidence from a CrossNational Analysis. Journal of Youth Studies. 2020. Vol. 23. No. 7. P. 819–836. DOI: 10.1080/13676261.2019.1636951
30. Koc P. Measuring Non-Electoral Political Participation: Bi-Factor Model as a Tool to Extract Dimensions. Social Indicators Research. 2021. Vol. 156. No. 1. P. 271–287. DOI: 10.1007/s11205-021-02637-3
31. Kołczyńska M. Micro- and Macro- Level Determinants of Participation in Demonstrations: An Analysis of Cross-National Survey Data Harmonized ExPost. Methods, Data, Analyses. 2020. Vol. 14. No. 1. P. 91–126. DOI: 10.12758/mda.2019.07
32. Kriesi H., Oana I.E. Protest in Unlikely Times: Dynamics of Collective Mobilization in Europe During the COVID-19 Crisis. Journal of European Public Policy. 2023. Vol. 30. No. 4. P. 740–765. DOI: 10.1080/13501763.2022.2140819
33. Li Y., Marsh D. New Forms of Political Participation: Searching for Expert Citizens and Everyday Makers. British Journal of Political Science. 2008. Vol. 38. No. 2. P. 247–272. DOI: 10.1017/S0007123408000136
34. Norris P. Digital Divide: Civic Engagement, Information Poverty, and the Internet Worldwide. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. 263 p. Accessed 26.12.2023. URL: https://books.google.ru/books?hl=ru&lr=&id=wfNPdyiwbYQC&oi=fnd&pg=PR9&dq=Digital+divide:+Civic+engagement,+information+poverty,+and+the+Internet+worldwide&ots=gCbK8ilXeM&sig=qbrnqB6hUtZxivo03_RvoLyZmJo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Digital%20divide%3A%20Civic%20engagement%2C%20 information%20poverty%2C%20and%20the%20Internet%20worldwide&f=false
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Статья
Поступила: 09.01.2024
Опубликована: 19.12.2024
Форматы цитирования
Другие форматы цитирования:
ACM
[1]
Гусева, П.Д. 2024. Демонстрации как форма неинституционализированного политического участия: связь с доверием к институтам и рисками политического режима (по данным европейского социального исследования, 2020–2022 гг.). Социологический журнал. 30, 4 (дек. 2024), 54-78. DOI:https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2024.30.4.3.
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