Смешанные браки: факторы, характеристики и влияние на семью и общество (обзор зарубежных исследований)
Научная статья
Для цитирования
Пешкова В. М. Смешанные браки: факторы, характеристики и влияние на семью и общество (обзор зарубежных исследований) // Социологический журнал. 2024. Том 30. № 3. С. 124-144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2024.30.3.6 EDN: NHPHRX
Аннотация
Смешанные браки — один из ярких примеров суперразнообразия как ключевой характеристики современного мира. Наиболее распространенными и, соответственно, активно изучаемыми видами смешанного брака являются межрасовые, межэтнические и межконфессиональные браки, о чем свидетельствуют ситуации в разных, в первую очередь активно принимающих мигрантов, странах. Изучение смешанных браков требует комплексного подхода, включающего понимание их места и роли в миграционных, социально-экономических, демографических и социокультурных процессах как в каждой стране в отдельности, так и в общемировых процессах. Цель статьи — систематизация зарубежных англоязычных исследований смешанных браков в странах, активно принимающих мигрантов, таких как США, Канада, Австралия и страны Западной Европы. Задача нашего обзора — систематизация тем и проблем, повторяющихся в исследованиях этого социального явления, которые выявляют и описывают особенности смешанных браков, зачастую посредством сравнения их с моногамными браками. Обзор состоит из двух частей. В первой части коротко рассматривается концептуальная основа исследований смешанных браков: теория социального обмена, теория брачного рынка и трансакционная модель — в социологии; теория взаимозависимости, инвестиционная модель и теория обмена ресурсами — в социальной психологии. Во второй части дается систематизация исследований, наиболее ярко выявляющих особенности любых смешанных браков. Рассмотрены внешние факторы, определяющие физическую и социокультурную доступность смешанных браков, создающие для них возможности либо ограничения. Среди индивидуальных факторов — возраст, гендер, образование, социально-экономический статус, религиозная, этническая или расовая принадлежность, которые рассматриваются и как персональные качества участников брачного рынка, и как обмениваемые ресурсы. Завершает обзор анализ влияния смешанных браков как на семейные отношения, так и на сообщества, к которым принадлежат партнеры, и общества в целом. С позиции партнеров рассматриваются психологические и социально-психологические качества, определяющие стабильность внутрисемейных отношений в смешанных союзах. Долгосрочное влияние смешанных браков на общество проблематизируется через место и роль детей в смешанных браках, а также самих браков во взаимной социальной интеграции разных групп населения в целом.
Ключевые слова:
смешанные браки, межэтнические браки, межнациональные браки, межрелигиозные браки, межрасовые браки, брачный рынок, социальный обмен, контакты, международная миграция, интеграция
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Статья
Поступила: 25.03.2024
Опубликована: 23.09.2024
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ACM
[1]
Пешкова, В.М. 2024. Смешанные браки: факторы, характеристики и влияние на семью и общество (обзор зарубежных исследований). Социологический журнал. 30, 3 (сен. 2024), 124-144. DOI:https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2024.30.3.6.
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